Recycling of Used Engine Oil Using Extraction by Single Solvent
Mohamed Jurny,
Mohamed Elbourawi,
Ezeddine Zorgani
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2023
Pages:
33-38
Received:
20 August 2022
Accepted:
4 October 2022
Published:
5 June 2023
Abstract: The need for virgin base oil is reduced and other resources are conserved during the refining of used, spent, or waste oils to make new lubricating oil. It is important to collect and recycle spent lubricating oil in order to protect the environment and natural resources. Although the lubricating oil itself remains unchanged after use, it becomes contaminated with combustion byproducts, deteriorated additives, water, and various dust particles during its time in the engine. The purpose of re-cycling is to eliminate degraded additives and impurities while restoring the oil's qualities to those specified by the Society of Automotive Engineers. Therefore, this study focuses on the extraction of engine oils utilizing a single solvent approach for re-cycling. The N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was used as the solvent. The used oil was gathered from vehicle repair stations. After being allowed for settling to removing large suspended particles, the oil was subjected to a sequence of physical treatment processes. The solvent recovery process was carried out by using rotary evaporator equipment with a vacuum pump. The engine oil obtained at the end of the process is a base oil ready to be used again after addition of the proper additives. Eventually, the characteristics of the recycled oil were established and evaluated against the standards set forth by the Society of Automotive Engineers. According to the study, 10 litres of lubricating oil could be produced from 25 litres of used oil when it was recycled properly, as opposed to 220 litres of crude oil, which would be needed to make the same amount of oil.
Abstract: The need for virgin base oil is reduced and other resources are conserved during the refining of used, spent, or waste oils to make new lubricating oil. It is important to collect and recycle spent lubricating oil in order to protect the environment and natural resources. Although the lubricating oil itself remains unchanged after use, it becomes c...
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Drying Kinetics of Oven Dried Pellonula leonensis Fish from Congo River
Mambou Lea Beatrice,
Loumouamou Bob Wilfrid,
Dzondo Gadet Michel
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2023
Pages:
39-45
Received:
22 May 2023
Accepted:
13 June 2023
Published:
27 June 2023
Abstract: The populations of the riparian areas of the Congo River, have fishing as their main activity. The majority of fish caught and regularly consumed consists of a small fish called Pellonula leonensis or “Nsangui”. This species is of significant economic interest and is marketed in dried form. However, there does not appear to be any scientific information available on the drying of Pellonula leonensis fish in Congo. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the drying characteristics in a laboratory oven of Pellonula leonensis fish and to fit the drying data into five mathematical models to determine which one is better validated by experimental data. Pellonula leonensis fish were dried at two different air temperatures (50 and 70°C) in a natural convection oven. Fish moisture loss was systematically recorded, converted to moisture content, and fitted to five semi-theoretical mathematical drying models: the Lewis, Page, Henderson and Pabis, Avhad and Marchetti, and Diffusion Approach models. Chi-square (χ2), coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean bias error (MBE) are statistical parameters used to determine the quality of the model fit. It was found that the drying temperature of 70°C is the best temperature because it dries the Pellonula leonensis fish at 14 hours of drying time which is faster compared to the drying temperature of 50°C. This result shows that the increase in air temperature leads to a reduction in the drying time of the fish, so the moisture content decreases sharply with the increase in drying temperature. The drying rate decreased continuously with time. The drying process exhibited a period of decreasing drying speed and a period of constant speed. Among the models tested, the models of Avhad and Marchetti and that of Page showed the best fit to the experimental data with coefficient of determination values equal to 0.99911 and 0.99910, respectively when analyzing the 70°C temperature. The drying rate constants, coefficients and statistical parameters were determined by nonlinear regression analysis, and as a result, it could be observed that there was a good correlation between the experimental and predicted data of Avhad and Marchetti and Page models.
Abstract: The populations of the riparian areas of the Congo River, have fishing as their main activity. The majority of fish caught and regularly consumed consists of a small fish called Pellonula leonensis or “Nsangui”. This species is of significant economic interest and is marketed in dried form. However, there does not appear to be any scientific inform...
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